path: root/Libraries/twi/twi.c

/*
  twi.c - TWI/I2C library for Wiring & Arduino
  Copyright (c) 2006 Nicholas Zambetti.  All right reserved.

  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  Lesser General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
*/

#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>
#include <compat/twi.h>

#ifndef cbi
#define cbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) &= ~_BV(bit))
#endif

#ifndef sbi
#define sbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) |= _BV(bit))
#endif

#include "twi.h"

static volatile uint8_t twi_state;

static void (*twi_onSlaveTransmit)(void);
static uint8_t (*twi_onSlaveReceive)(uint8_t);

uint8_t twi_txBuffer[TWI_BUFFER_LENGTH];
static volatile uint8_t twi_txBufferIndex;
static volatile uint8_t twi_txBufferLength;

static volatile uint8_t twi_error;

/*
 * Function twi_init
 * Desc     readys twi pins and sets twi bitrate
 * Input    none
 * Output   none
 */
void twi_init(void)
{
  // initialize state
  twi_state = TWI_READY;

  #if defined(__AVR_ATmega168__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega8__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega328P__)
    // activate internal pull-ups for twi
    // as per note from atmega8 manual pg167
    sbi(PORTC, 4);
    sbi(PORTC, 5);
  #else
    // activate internal pull-ups for twi
    // as per note from atmega128 manual pg204
    sbi(PORTD, 0);
    sbi(PORTD, 1);
  #endif

  // initialize twi prescaler and bit rate
  cbi(TWSR, TWPS0);
  cbi(TWSR, TWPS1);
  TWBR = ((CPU_FREQ / TWI_FREQ) - 16) / 2;

  /* twi bit rate formula from atmega128 manual pg 204
  SCL Frequency = CPU Clock Frequency / (16 + (2 * TWBR))
  note: TWBR should be 10 or higher for master mode
  It is 72 for a 16mhz Wiring board with 100kHz TWI */

  // enable twi module, acks, and twi interrupt
  TWCR = _BV(TWEN) | _BV(TWIE) | _BV(TWEA);
}

/*
 * Function twi_slaveInit
 * Desc     sets slave address and enables interrupt
 * Input    none
 * Output   none
 */
void twi_setAddress(uint8_t address)
{
  // set twi slave address (skip over TWGCE bit)
  TWAR = address << 1;
}

/*
 * Function twi_transmit
 * Desc     fills slave tx buffer with data
 *          must be called in slave tx event callback
 * Input    data: pointer to byte array
 *          length: number of bytes in array
 * Output   1 length too long for buffer
 *          2 not slave transmitter
 *          0 ok
 */
uint8_t twi_transmit(uint8_t* data, uint8_t length)
{
  uint8_t i;

  // ensure data will fit into buffer
  if(TWI_BUFFER_LENGTH < length){
    return 1;
  }

  // ensure we are currently a slave transmitter
  if(TWI_STX != twi_state){
    return 2;
  }

  // set length and copy data into tx buffer
  twi_txBufferLength = length;
  for(i = 0; i < length; ++i){
    twi_txBuffer[i] = data[i];
  }

  return 0;
}

/*
 * Function twi_attachSlaveRxEvent
 * Desc     sets function called before a slave read operation
 * Input    function: callback function to use
 * Output   none
 */
void twi_attachSlaveRxEvent( uint8_t (*function)(uint8_t) )
{
  twi_onSlaveReceive = function;
}

/*
 * Function twi_attachSlaveTxEvent
 * Desc     sets function called before a slave write operation
 * Input    function: callback function to use
 * Output   none
 */
void twi_attachSlaveTxEvent( void (*function)(void) )
{
  twi_onSlaveTransmit = function;
}

/*
 * Function twi_reply
 * Desc     sends byte or readys receive line
 * Input    ack: byte indicating to ack or to nack
 * Output   none
 */
void twi_reply(uint8_t ack)
{
  // transmit master read ready signal, with or without ack
  if(ack){
    TWCR = _BV(TWEN) | _BV(TWIE) | _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEA);
  }else{
	  TWCR = _BV(TWEN) | _BV(TWIE) | _BV(TWINT);
  }
}

/*
 * Function twi_stop
 * Desc     relinquishes bus master status
 * Input    none
 * Output   none
 */
void twi_stop(void)
{
  // send stop condition
  TWCR = _BV(TWEN) | _BV(TWIE) | _BV(TWEA) | _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWSTO);

  // wait for stop condition to be exectued on bus
  // TWINT is not set after a stop condition!
  while(TWCR & _BV(TWSTO)){
    continue;
  }

  // update twi state
  twi_state = TWI_READY;
}

/*
 * Function twi_releaseBus
 * Desc     releases bus control
 * Input    none
 * Output   none
 */
void twi_releaseBus(void)
{
  // release bus
  TWCR = _BV(TWEN) | _BV(TWIE) | _BV(TWEA) | _BV(TWINT);

  // update twi state
  twi_state = TWI_READY;
}

SIGNAL(TWI_vect)
{
  switch(TW_STATUS){
    // Slave Receiver
    case TW_SR_SLA_ACK:   // addressed, returned ack
    case TW_SR_GCALL_ACK: // addressed generally, returned ack
    case TW_SR_ARB_LOST_SLA_ACK:   // lost arbitration, returned ack
    case TW_SR_ARB_LOST_GCALL_ACK: // lost arbitration, returned ack
      // enter slave receiver mode
      twi_state = TWI_SRX;
      // indicate that rx buffer can be overwritten and ack
      twi_reply(1);
      break;
    case TW_SR_DATA_ACK:       // data received, returned ack
    case TW_SR_GCALL_DATA_ACK: // data received generally, returned ack
      // if there is still room in the rx buffer
       twi_reply(twi_onSlaveReceive(TWDR));
       break;
    case TW_SR_STOP: // stop or repeated start condition received
      // sends ack and stops interface for clock stretching
      twi_stop();
      // ack future responses and leave slave receiver state
      //twi_releaseBus();
      break;
    case TW_SR_DATA_NACK:       // data received, returned nack
    case TW_SR_GCALL_DATA_NACK: // data received generally, returned nack
      // nack back at master
      twi_reply(1);
      break;

    // Slave Transmitter
    case TW_ST_SLA_ACK:          // addressed, returned ack
    case TW_ST_ARB_LOST_SLA_ACK: // arbitration lost, returned ack
      // enter slave transmitter mode
      twi_state = TWI_STX;
      // ready the tx buffer index for iteration
      twi_txBufferIndex = 0;
      // set tx buffer length to be zero, to verify if user changes it
      twi_txBufferLength = 0;
      // request for txBuffer to be filled and length to be set
      // note: user must call twi_transmit(bytes, length) to do this
      twi_onSlaveTransmit();
      // transmit first byte from buffer, fall
    case TW_ST_DATA_ACK: // byte sent, ack returned
      // copy data to output register
      TWDR = twi_txBuffer[twi_txBufferIndex++];
      // if there is more to send, ack, otherwise nack
      if(twi_txBufferIndex < twi_txBufferLength){
        twi_reply(1);
      }else{
        twi_reply(0);
      }
      break;
    case TW_ST_DATA_NACK: // received nack, we are done
    case TW_ST_LAST_DATA: // received ack, but we are done already!
      // ack future responses
      twi_reply(1);
      // leave slave receiver state
      twi_state = TWI_READY;
      break;

    // All
    case TW_NO_INFO:   // no state information
      break;
    case TW_BUS_ERROR: // bus error, illegal stop/start
      twi_error = TW_BUS_ERROR;
      twi_stop();
      break;
  }
}