translations-merge

17 files changed, 1114 insertions, 74 deletions

diff --git a/shared-bindings/_protomatter/Protomatter.c b/shared-bindings/_protomatter/Protomatter.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb4339079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared-bindings/_protomatter/Protomatter.c
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the Micro Python project, http://micropython.org/
+ *
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2020 Jeff Epler for Adafruit Industries
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include "py/obj.h"
+#include "py/objproperty.h"
+#include "py/runtime.h"
+#include "py/objarray.h"
+
+#include "common-hal/_protomatter/Protomatter.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/_protomatter/Protomatter.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/microcontroller/Pin.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/microcontroller/__init__.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/util.h"
+#include "shared-module/displayio/__init__.h"
+#include "shared-module/framebufferio/__init__.h"
+#include "shared-module/framebufferio/FramebufferDisplay.h"
+
+//| .. currentmodule:: _protomatter
+//|
+//| :class:`protomatter` --  Driver for HUB75-style RGB LED matrices
+//| ================================================================
+//|
+
+extern Protomatter_core *_PM_protoPtr;
+
+STATIC uint8_t validate_pin(mp_obj_t obj) {
+    mcu_pin_obj_t *result = validate_obj_is_free_pin(obj);
+    return common_hal_mcu_pin_number(result);
+}
+
+STATIC void validate_pins(qstr what, uint8_t* pin_nos, mp_int_t max_pins, mp_obj_t seq, uint8_t *count_out) {
+    mp_int_t len = MP_OBJ_SMALL_INT_VALUE(mp_obj_len(seq));
+    if (len > max_pins) {
+        mp_raise_ValueError_varg(translate("At most %d %q may be specified (not %d)"), max_pins, what, len);
+    }
+    *count_out = len;
+    for (mp_int_t i=0; i<len; i++) {
+        pin_nos[i] = validate_pin(mp_obj_subscr(seq, MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(i), MP_OBJ_SENTINEL));
+    }
+}
+
+STATIC void claim_and_never_reset_pin(mp_obj_t pin) {
+    common_hal_mcu_pin_claim(pin);
+    common_hal_never_reset_pin(pin);
+}
+
+STATIC void claim_and_never_reset_pins(mp_obj_t seq) {
+    mp_int_t len = MP_OBJ_SMALL_INT_VALUE(mp_obj_len(seq));
+    for (mp_int_t i=0; i<len; i++) {
+        claim_and_never_reset_pin(mp_obj_subscr(seq, MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(i), MP_OBJ_SENTINEL));
+    }
+}
+
+STATIC void preflight_pins_or_throw(uint8_t clock_pin, uint8_t *rgb_pins, uint8_t rgb_pin_count, bool allow_inefficient) {
+    uint32_t port = clock_pin / 32;
+    uint32_t bit_mask = 1 << (clock_pin % 32);
+
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < rgb_pin_count; i++) {
+        uint32_t pin_port = rgb_pins[i] / 32;
+
+        if (pin_port != port) {
+            mp_raise_ValueError_varg(
+                translate("rgb_pins[%d] is not on the same port as clock"), i);
+        }
+
+        uint32_t pin_mask = 1 << (rgb_pins[i] % 32);
+        if (pin_mask & bit_mask) {
+            mp_raise_ValueError_varg(
+                translate("rgb_pins[%d] duplicates another pin assignment"), i);
+        }
+
+        bit_mask |= pin_mask;
+    }
+
+    if (allow_inefficient) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t byte_mask = 0;
+    if (bit_mask & 0x000000FF) byte_mask |= 0b0001;
+    if (bit_mask & 0x0000FF00) byte_mask |= 0b0010;
+    if (bit_mask & 0x00FF0000) byte_mask |= 0b0100;
+    if (bit_mask & 0xFF000000) byte_mask |= 0b1000;
+
+    uint8_t bytes_per_element = 0xff;
+    uint8_t ideal_bytes_per_element = (rgb_pin_count + 7) / 8;
+
+    switch(byte_mask) {
+        case 0b0001:
+        case 0b0010:
+        case 0b0100:
+        case 0b1000:
+            bytes_per_element = 1;
+            break;
+
+        case 0b0011:
+        case 0b1100:
+            bytes_per_element = 2;
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            bytes_per_element = 4;
+            break;
+    }
+
+    if (bytes_per_element != ideal_bytes_per_element) {
+        mp_raise_ValueError_varg(
+            translate("Pinout uses %d bytes per element, which consumes more than the ideal %d bytes.  If this cannot be avoided, pass allow_inefficient=True to the constructor"),
+            bytes_per_element, ideal_bytes_per_element);
+    }
+}
+
+//| :class:`~_protomatter.Protomatter` displays an in-memory framebuffer to an LED matrix.
+//|
+//| .. class:: Protomatter(width, bit_depth, rgb_pins, addr_pins, clock_pin, latch_pin, output_enable_pin, *, doublebuffer=True, framebuffer=None)
+//|
+//|   Create a Protomatter object with the given attributes.  The height of
+//|   the display is determined by the number of rgb and address pins:
+//|   len(rgb_pins) // 3 * 2 ** len(address_pins).  With 6 RGB pins and 4
+//|   address lines, the display will be 32 pixels tall.
+//|
+//|   Up to 30 RGB pins and 8 address pins are supported.
+//|
+//|   The RGB pins must be within a single "port" and performance and memory
+//|   usage are best when they are all within "close by" bits of the port.
+//|   The clock pin must also be on the same port as the RGB pins.  See the
+//|   documentation of the underlying protomatter C library for more
+//|   information.  Generally, Adafruit's interface boards are designed so
+//|   that these requirements are met when matched with the intended
+//|   microcontroller board.  For instance, the Feather M4 Express works
+//|   together with the RGB Matrix Feather.
+//|
+//|   The framebuffer is in "RGB565" format.
+//|
+//|   "RGB565" means that it is organized as a series of 16-bit numbers
+//|   where the highest 5 bits are interpreted as red, the next 6 as
+//|   green, and the final 5 as blue.  The object can be any buffer, but
+//|   `array.array` and `ulab.array` objects are most often useful.
+//|   To update the content, modify the framebuffer and call refresh.
+//|
+//|   If a framebuffer is not passed in, one is allocated and initialized
+//|   to all black.  In any case, the framebuffer can be retrieved
+//|   by passing the protomatter object to memoryview().
+//|
+//|   If doublebuffer is False, some memory is saved, but the display may
+//|   flicker during updates.
+//|
+//|   If a framebuffer is not passed in, one is allocated internally.  To
+//|   retrieve it, pass the protomatter object to memoryview().
+//|
+//|   A Protomatter framebuffer is often used in conjunction with a
+//|   `framebufferio.FramebufferDisplay`.
+//|
+
+STATIC mp_obj_t protomatter_protomatter_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_args) {
+    enum { ARG_width, ARG_bit_depth, ARG_rgb_list, ARG_addr_list,
+        ARG_clock_pin, ARG_latch_pin, ARG_output_enable_pin, ARG_doublebuffer, ARG_framebuffer, ARG_height };
+    static const mp_arg_t allowed_args[] = {
+        { MP_QSTR_width, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY },
+        { MP_QSTR_bit_depth, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY },
+        { MP_QSTR_rgb_pins, MP_ARG_OBJ | MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY },
+        { MP_QSTR_addr_pins, MP_ARG_OBJ | MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY },
+        { MP_QSTR_clock_pin, MP_ARG_OBJ | MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY },
+        { MP_QSTR_latch_pin, MP_ARG_OBJ | MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY },
+        { MP_QSTR_output_enable_pin, MP_ARG_OBJ | MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY },
+        { MP_QSTR_doublebuffer, MP_ARG_BOOL | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, { .u_bool = true } },
+        { MP_QSTR_framebuffer, MP_ARG_OBJ | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, { .u_obj = mp_const_none } },
+        { MP_QSTR_height, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, { .u_int = 0 } },
+    };
+    mp_arg_val_t args[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args)];
+    mp_arg_parse_all(n_args, pos_args, kw_args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, args);
+
+    // Because interrupt handlers point directly at protomatter objects,
+    // it is NOT okay to move them to the long-lived pool later.  Allocate
+    // them there to begin with, since generally they'll be long-lived anyway.
+    protomatter_protomatter_obj_t *self = &allocate_display_bus_or_raise()->protomatter;
+    self->base.type = &protomatter_Protomatter_type;
+
+    uint8_t rgb_count, addr_count;
+    uint8_t rgb_pins[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(self->rgb_pins)];
+    uint8_t addr_pins[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(self->addr_pins)];
+    uint8_t clock_pin = validate_pin(args[ARG_clock_pin].u_obj);
+    uint8_t latch_pin = validate_pin(args[ARG_latch_pin].u_obj);
+    uint8_t output_enable_pin = validate_pin(args[ARG_output_enable_pin].u_obj);
+
+    validate_pins(MP_QSTR_rgb_pins, rgb_pins, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(self->rgb_pins), args[ARG_rgb_list].u_obj, &rgb_count);
+    validate_pins(MP_QSTR_addr_pins, addr_pins, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(self->addr_pins), args[ARG_addr_list].u_obj, &addr_count);
+
+    if (rgb_count % 6) {
+        mp_raise_ValueError_varg(translate("Must use a multiple of 6 rgb pins, not %d"), rgb_count);
+    }
+
+    // TODO(@jepler) Use fewer than all rows of pixels if height < computed_height
+    if (args[ARG_height].u_int != 0) {
+        int computed_height = (rgb_count / 3) << (addr_count);
+        if (computed_height != args[ARG_height].u_int) {
+            mp_raise_ValueError_varg(
+                translate("%d address pins and %d rgb pins indicate a height of %d, not %d"), addr_count, rgb_count, computed_height, args[ARG_height].u_int);
+        }
+    }
+
+    preflight_pins_or_throw(clock_pin, rgb_pins, rgb_count, true);
+
+    mp_obj_t framebuffer = args[ARG_framebuffer].u_obj;
+    if (framebuffer == mp_const_none) {
+        int width = args[ARG_width].u_int;
+        int bufsize = 2 * width * rgb_count / 3 * (1 << addr_count);
+        framebuffer = mp_obj_new_bytearray_of_zeros(bufsize);
+    }
+
+    common_hal_protomatter_protomatter_construct(self,
+        args[ARG_width].u_int,
+        args[ARG_bit_depth].u_int,
+        rgb_count, rgb_pins,
+        addr_count, addr_pins,
+        clock_pin, latch_pin, output_enable_pin,
+        args[ARG_doublebuffer].u_bool,
+        framebuffer, NULL);
+
+    claim_and_never_reset_pins(args[ARG_rgb_list].u_obj);
+    claim_and_never_reset_pins(args[ARG_addr_list].u_obj);
+    claim_and_never_reset_pin(args[ARG_clock_pin].u_obj);
+    claim_and_never_reset_pin(args[ARG_output_enable_pin].u_obj);
+    claim_and_never_reset_pin(args[ARG_latch_pin].u_obj);
+
+    return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(self);
+}
+
+//|   .. method:: deinit
+//|
+//|     Free the resources (pins, timers, etc.) associated with this
+//|     protomatter instance.  After deinitialization, no further operations
+//|     may be performed.
+//|
+STATIC mp_obj_t protomatter_protomatter_deinit(mp_obj_t self_in) {
+    protomatter_protomatter_obj_t *self = (protomatter_protomatter_obj_t*)self_in;
+    common_hal_protomatter_protomatter_deinit(self);
+    return mp_const_none;
+}
+
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(protomatter_protomatter_deinit_obj, protomatter_protomatter_deinit);
+
+static void check_for_deinit(protomatter_protomatter_obj_t *self) {
+    if (!self->core.rgbPins) {
+        raise_deinited_error();
+    }
+}
+
+//|   .. attribute:: brightness
+//|
+//|     In the current implementation, 0.0 turns the display off entirely
+//|     and any other value up to 1.0 turns the display on fully.
+//|
+STATIC mp_obj_t protomatter_protomatter_get_brightness(mp_obj_t self_in) {
+    protomatter_protomatter_obj_t *self = (protomatter_protomatter_obj_t*)self_in;
+    check_for_deinit(self);
+    return mp_obj_new_float(common_hal_protomatter_protomatter_get_paused(self)? 0.0f : 1.0f);
+}
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(protomatter_protomatter_get_brightness_obj, protomatter_protomatter_get_brightness);
+
+STATIC mp_obj_t protomatter_protomatter_set_brightness(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t value_in)  {
+    protomatter_protomatter_obj_t *self = (protomatter_protomatter_obj_t*)self_in;
+    check_for_deinit(self);
+    mp_float_t brightness = mp_obj_get_float(value_in);
+    if (brightness < 0.0f || brightness > 1.0f) {
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("Brightness must be 0-1.0"));
+    }
+    common_hal_protomatter_protomatter_set_paused(self_in, brightness <= 0);
+
+    return mp_const_none;
+}
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_2(protomatter_protomatter_set_brightness_obj, protomatter_protomatter_set_brightness);
+
+const mp_obj_property_t protomatter_protomatter_brightness_obj = {
+    .base.type = &mp_type_property,
+    .proxy = {(mp_obj_t)&protomatter_protomatter_get_brightness_obj,
+              (mp_obj_t)&protomatter_protomatter_set_brightness_obj,
+              (mp_obj_t)&mp_const_none_obj},
+};
+
+//|   .. method:: refresh()
+//|
+//|     Transmits the color data in the buffer to the pixels so that
+//|     they are shown.
+//|
+STATIC mp_obj_t protomatter_protomatter_refresh(mp_obj_t self_in) {
+    protomatter_protomatter_obj_t *self = (protomatter_protomatter_obj_t*)self_in;
+    check_for_deinit(self);
+    common_hal_protomatter_protomatter_refresh(self);
+    return mp_const_none;
+}
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(protomatter_protomatter_refresh_obj, protomatter_protomatter_refresh);
+
+STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t protomatter_protomatter_locals_dict_table[] = {
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_deinit), MP_ROM_PTR(&protomatter_protomatter_deinit_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_brightness), MP_ROM_PTR(&protomatter_protomatter_brightness_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_refresh), MP_ROM_PTR(&protomatter_protomatter_refresh_obj) },
+};
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(protomatter_protomatter_locals_dict, protomatter_protomatter_locals_dict_table);
+
+STATIC void protomatter_protomatter_get_bufinfo(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_buffer_info_t *bufinfo) {
+    protomatter_protomatter_obj_t *self = (protomatter_protomatter_obj_t*)self_in;
+    check_for_deinit(self);
+
+    *bufinfo = self->bufinfo;
+}
+
+// These version exists so that the prototype matches the protocol,
+// avoiding a type cast that can hide errors
+STATIC void protomatter_protomatter_swapbuffers(mp_obj_t self_in) {
+    common_hal_protomatter_protomatter_refresh(self_in);
+}
+
+STATIC void protomatter_protomatter_deinit_proto(mp_obj_t self_in) {
+    common_hal_protomatter_protomatter_deinit(self_in);
+}
+
+STATIC float protomatter_protomatter_get_brightness_proto(mp_obj_t self_in) {
+    return common_hal_protomatter_protomatter_get_paused(self_in) ? 0.0f : 1.0f;
+}
+
+STATIC bool protomatter_protomatter_set_brightness_proto(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_float_t value) {
+    common_hal_protomatter_protomatter_set_paused(self_in, value <= 0);
+    return true;
+}
+
+STATIC const framebuffer_p_t protomatter_protomatter_proto = {
+    MP_PROTO_IMPLEMENT(MP_QSTR_protocol_framebuffer)
+    .get_bufinfo = protomatter_protomatter_get_bufinfo,
+    .set_brightness = protomatter_protomatter_set_brightness_proto,
+    .get_brightness = protomatter_protomatter_get_brightness_proto,
+    .swapbuffers = protomatter_protomatter_swapbuffers,
+    .deinit = protomatter_protomatter_deinit_proto,
+};
+
+STATIC mp_int_t protomatter_protomatter_get_buffer(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_buffer_info_t *bufinfo, mp_uint_t flags) {
+    protomatter_protomatter_obj_t *self = (protomatter_protomatter_obj_t*)self_in;
+    // a readonly framebuffer would be unusual but not impossible
+    if ((flags & MP_BUFFER_WRITE) && !(self->bufinfo.typecode & MP_OBJ_ARRAY_TYPECODE_FLAG_RW)) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    *bufinfo = self->bufinfo;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+const mp_obj_type_t protomatter_Protomatter_type = {
+    { &mp_type_type },
+    .name = MP_QSTR_Protomatter,
+    .buffer_p = { .get_buffer = protomatter_protomatter_get_buffer, },
+    .make_new = protomatter_protomatter_make_new,
+    .protocol = &protomatter_protomatter_proto,
+    .locals_dict = (mp_obj_dict_t*)&protomatter_protomatter_locals_dict,
+};
diff --git a/shared-bindings/_protomatter/Protomatter.h b/shared-bindings/_protomatter/Protomatter.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9499da22c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared-bindings/_protomatter/Protomatter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the Micro Python project, http://micropython.org/
+ *
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2020 Jeff Epler for Adafruit Industries
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_BINDINGS_PROTOMATTER_PROTOMATTER_H
+#define MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_BINDINGS_PROTOMATTER_PROTOMATTER_H
+
+#include "shared-module/_protomatter/Protomatter.h"
+#include "lib/protomatter/core.h"
+
+extern const mp_obj_type_t protomatter_Protomatter_type;
+typedef struct {
+    mp_obj_base_t base;
+    mp_obj_t framebuffer;
+    mp_buffer_info_t bufinfo;
+    Protomatter_core core;
+    void *timer;
+    uint16_t bufsize, width;
+    uint8_t rgb_pins[30];
+    uint8_t addr_pins[10];
+    uint8_t clock_pin, latch_pin, oe_pin;
+    uint8_t rgb_count, addr_count;
+    uint8_t bit_depth;
+    bool core_is_initialized;
+    bool paused;
+    bool doublebuffer;
+} protomatter_protomatter_obj_t;
+
+void common_hal_protomatter_protomatter_construct(protomatter_protomatter_obj_t* self, int width, int bit_depth, uint8_t rgb_count, uint8_t* rgb_pins, uint8_t addr_count, uint8_t* addr_pins, uint8_t clock_pin, uint8_t latch_pin, uint8_t oe_pin, bool doublebuffer, mp_obj_t framebuffer, void* timer);
+void common_hal_protomatter_protomatter_deinit(protomatter_protomatter_obj_t*);
+void protomatter_protomatter_collect_ptrs(protomatter_protomatter_obj_t*);
+void common_hal_protomatter_protomatter_reconstruct(protomatter_protomatter_obj_t* self, mp_obj_t framebuffer);
+void common_hal_protomatter_protomatter_set_paused(protomatter_protomatter_obj_t* self, bool paused);
+bool common_hal_protomatter_protomatter_get_paused(protomatter_protomatter_obj_t* self);
+void common_hal_protomatter_protomatter_refresh(protomatter_protomatter_obj_t* self);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/shared-bindings/_protomatter/__init__.c b/shared-bindings/_protomatter/__init__.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2281b15f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared-bindings/_protomatter/__init__.c
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the MicroPython project, http://micropython.org/
+ *
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2020 Jeff Epler for Adafruit Industries
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "py/obj.h"
+#include "py/runtime.h"
+
+#include "shared-bindings/_protomatter/Protomatter.h"
+
+//| :mod:`_protomatter` --- Low-level routines for bitbanged LED matrices
+//| =====================================================================
+//|
+//| .. module:: _protomatter
+//|   :synopsis: Low-level routines for bitbanged LED matrices
+//|
+//| .. toctree::
+//|     :maxdepth: 3
+//|
+//|     Protomatter
+
+STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t protomatter_module_globals_table[] = {
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR___name__), MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR__protomatter) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_Protomatter), MP_ROM_PTR(&protomatter_Protomatter_type) },
+};
+
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(protomatter_module_globals, protomatter_module_globals_table);
+
+const mp_obj_module_t protomatter_module = {
+    .base = { &mp_type_module },
+    .globals = (mp_obj_dict_t*)&protomatter_module_globals,
+};
diff --git a/shared-bindings/displayio/Bitmap.c b/shared-bindings/displayio/Bitmap.c
index 91c17f2d1..391f3e595 100644
--- a/shared-bindings/displayio/Bitmap.c
+++ b/shared-bindings/displayio/Bitmap.c
@@ -178,9 +178,28 @@ STATIC mp_obj_t bitmap_subscr(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t index_obj, mp_obj_t val
     return mp_const_none;
 }
 
+//|   .. method:: fill(value)
+//|
+//|      Fills the bitmap with the supplied palette index value.
+//|
+STATIC mp_obj_t displayio_bitmap_obj_fill(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t value_obj) {
+    displayio_bitmap_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
+
+    mp_int_t value = mp_obj_get_int(value_obj);
+    if (value >= 1 << common_hal_displayio_bitmap_get_bits_per_value(self)) {
+            mp_raise_ValueError(translate("pixel value requires too many bits"));
+    }
+    common_hal_displayio_bitmap_fill(self, value);
+
+    return mp_const_none;
+}
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_2(displayio_bitmap_fill_obj, displayio_bitmap_obj_fill);
+
 STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t displayio_bitmap_locals_dict_table[] = {
     { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_height), MP_ROM_PTR(&displayio_bitmap_height_obj) },
     { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_width), MP_ROM_PTR(&displayio_bitmap_width_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_fill), MP_ROM_PTR(&displayio_bitmap_fill_obj) },
+
 };
 STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(displayio_bitmap_locals_dict, displayio_bitmap_locals_dict_table);
 
diff --git a/shared-bindings/displayio/Bitmap.h b/shared-bindings/displayio/Bitmap.h
index 90694951f..46c337329 100644
--- a/shared-bindings/displayio/Bitmap.h
+++ b/shared-bindings/displayio/Bitmap.h
@@ -41,5 +41,6 @@ uint16_t common_hal_displayio_bitmap_get_width(displayio_bitmap_t *self);
 uint32_t common_hal_displayio_bitmap_get_bits_per_value(displayio_bitmap_t *self);
 void common_hal_displayio_bitmap_set_pixel(displayio_bitmap_t *bitmap, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint32_t value);
 uint32_t common_hal_displayio_bitmap_get_pixel(displayio_bitmap_t *bitmap, int16_t x, int16_t y);
+void common_hal_displayio_bitmap_fill(displayio_bitmap_t *bitmap, uint32_t value);
 
 #endif // MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_BINDINGS_DISPLAYIO_BITMAP_H
diff --git a/shared-bindings/displayio/Display.c b/shared-bindings/displayio/Display.c
index 3ef7e74e9..a22b2add2 100644
--- a/shared-bindings/displayio/Display.c
+++ b/shared-bindings/displayio/Display.c
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@
 //|   :param bool pixels_in_byte_share_row: True when pixels are less than a byte and a byte includes pixels from the same row of the display. When False, pixels share a column.
 //|   :param int bytes_per_cell: Number of bytes per addressable memory location when color_depth < 8. When greater than one, bytes share a row or column according to pixels_in_byte_share_row.
 //|   :param bool reverse_pixels_in_byte: Reverses the pixel order within each byte when color_depth < 8. Does not apply across multiple bytes even if there is more than one byte per cell (bytes_per_cell.)
+//|   :param bool reverse_bytes_in_word: Reverses the order of bytes within a word when color_depth == 16
 //|   :param int set_column_command: Command used to set the start and end columns to update
 //|   :param int set_row_command: Command used so set the start and end rows to update
 //|   :param int write_ram_command: Command used to write pixels values into the update region. Ignored if data_as_commands is set.
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@
 //|   :param bool backlight_on_high: If True, pulling the backlight pin high turns the backlight on.
 //|
 STATIC mp_obj_t displayio_display_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_args) {
-    enum { ARG_display_bus, ARG_init_sequence, ARG_width, ARG_height, ARG_colstart, ARG_rowstart, ARG_rotation, ARG_color_depth, ARG_grayscale, ARG_pixels_in_byte_share_row, ARG_bytes_per_cell, ARG_reverse_pixels_in_byte, ARG_set_column_command, ARG_set_row_command, ARG_write_ram_command, ARG_set_vertical_scroll, ARG_backlight_pin, ARG_brightness_command, ARG_brightness, ARG_auto_brightness, ARG_single_byte_bounds, ARG_data_as_commands, ARG_auto_refresh, ARG_native_frames_per_second, ARG_backlight_on_high };
+    enum { ARG_display_bus, ARG_init_sequence, ARG_width, ARG_height, ARG_colstart, ARG_rowstart, ARG_rotation, ARG_color_depth, ARG_grayscale, ARG_pixels_in_byte_share_row, ARG_bytes_per_cell, ARG_reverse_pixels_in_byte, ARG_reverse_bytes_in_word, ARG_set_column_command, ARG_set_row_command, ARG_write_ram_command, ARG_set_vertical_scroll, ARG_backlight_pin, ARG_brightness_command, ARG_brightness, ARG_auto_brightness, ARG_single_byte_bounds, ARG_data_as_commands, ARG_auto_refresh, ARG_native_frames_per_second, ARG_backlight_on_high };
     static const mp_arg_t allowed_args[] = {
         { MP_QSTR_display_bus, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_OBJ },
         { MP_QSTR_init_sequence, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_OBJ },
@@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ STATIC mp_obj_t displayio_display_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_a
         { MP_QSTR_pixels_in_byte_share_row, MP_ARG_BOOL | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, {.u_bool = true} },
         { MP_QSTR_bytes_per_cell, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, {.u_int = 1} },
         { MP_QSTR_reverse_pixels_in_byte, MP_ARG_BOOL | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, {.u_bool = false} },
+        { MP_QSTR_reverse_bytes_in_word, MP_ARG_BOOL | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, {.u_bool = true} },
         { MP_QSTR_set_column_command, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, {.u_int = 0x2a} },
         { MP_QSTR_set_row_command, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, {.u_int = 0x2b} },
         { MP_QSTR_write_ram_command, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, {.u_int = 0x2c} },
@@ -152,23 +154,17 @@ STATIC mp_obj_t displayio_display_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_a
         mp_raise_ValueError(translate("Display rotation must be in 90 degree increments"));
     }
 
-    displayio_display_obj_t *self = NULL;
-    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < CIRCUITPY_DISPLAY_LIMIT; i++) {
-        if (displays[i].display.base.type == NULL ||
-            displays[i].display.base.type == &mp_type_NoneType) {
-            self = &displays[i].display;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    if (self == NULL) {
-        mp_raise_RuntimeError(translate("Too many displays"));
-    }
+    primary_display_t *disp = allocate_display_or_raise();
+    displayio_display_obj_t *self = &disp->display;;
     self->base.type = &displayio_display_type;
     common_hal_displayio_display_construct(
         self,
         display_bus, args[ARG_width].u_int, args[ARG_height].u_int, args[ARG_colstart].u_int, args[ARG_rowstart].u_int, rotation,
         args[ARG_color_depth].u_int, args[ARG_grayscale].u_bool,
-        args[ARG_pixels_in_byte_share_row].u_bool, args[ARG_bytes_per_cell].u_bool, args[ARG_reverse_pixels_in_byte].u_bool,
+        args[ARG_pixels_in_byte_share_row].u_bool,
+        args[ARG_bytes_per_cell].u_bool,
+        args[ARG_reverse_pixels_in_byte].u_bool,
+        args[ARG_reverse_bytes_in_word].u_bool,
         args[ARG_set_column_command].u_int, args[ARG_set_row_command].u_int,
         args[ARG_write_ram_command].u_int,
         args[ARG_set_vertical_scroll].u_int,
diff --git a/shared-bindings/displayio/Display.h b/shared-bindings/displayio/Display.h
index 8c2e20262..e69c5b6b5 100644
--- a/shared-bindings/displayio/Display.h
+++ b/shared-bindings/displayio/Display.h
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ extern const mp_obj_type_t displayio_display_type;
 void common_hal_displayio_display_construct(displayio_display_obj_t* self,
     mp_obj_t bus, uint16_t width, uint16_t height,
     int16_t colstart, int16_t rowstart, uint16_t rotation, uint16_t color_depth, bool grayscale,
-    bool pixels_in_byte_share_row, uint8_t bytes_per_cell, bool reverse_pixels_in_byte,
+    bool pixels_in_byte_share_row, uint8_t bytes_per_cell, bool reverse_pixels_in_byte, bool reverse_bytes_in_word,
     uint8_t set_column_command, uint8_t set_row_command, uint8_t write_ram_command, uint8_t set_vertical_scroll,
     uint8_t* init_sequence, uint16_t init_sequence_len, const mcu_pin_obj_t* backlight_pin, uint16_t brightness_command,
     mp_float_t brightness, bool auto_brightness,
diff --git a/shared-bindings/displayio/EPaperDisplay.c b/shared-bindings/displayio/EPaperDisplay.c
index 25a4a41e9..1459c1680 100644
--- a/shared-bindings/displayio/EPaperDisplay.c
+++ b/shared-bindings/displayio/EPaperDisplay.c
@@ -136,17 +136,8 @@ STATIC mp_obj_t displayio_epaperdisplay_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size
         mp_raise_ValueError(translate("Display rotation must be in 90 degree increments"));
     }
 
-    displayio_epaperdisplay_obj_t *self = NULL;
-    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < CIRCUITPY_DISPLAY_LIMIT; i++) {
-        if (displays[i].display.base.type == NULL ||
-            displays[i].display.base.type == &mp_type_NoneType) {
-            self = &displays[i].epaper_display;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    if (self == NULL) {
-        mp_raise_RuntimeError(translate("Too many displays"));
-    }
+    primary_display_t *disp = allocate_display_or_raise();
+    displayio_epaperdisplay_obj_t *self = &disp->epaper_display;;
 
     mp_float_t refresh_time = mp_obj_get_float(args[ARG_refresh_time].u_obj);
     mp_float_t seconds_per_frame = mp_obj_get_float(args[ARG_seconds_per_frame].u_obj);
diff --git a/shared-bindings/displayio/FourWire.c b/shared-bindings/displayio/FourWire.c
index 77329578a..1cd51b2e2 100644
--- a/shared-bindings/displayio/FourWire.c
+++ b/shared-bindings/displayio/FourWire.c
@@ -82,19 +82,8 @@ STATIC mp_obj_t displayio_fourwire_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_
     mcu_pin_obj_t *chip_select = validate_obj_is_free_pin(args[ARG_chip_select].u_obj);
     mcu_pin_obj_t *reset = validate_obj_is_free_pin_or_none(args[ARG_reset].u_obj);
 
-    displayio_fourwire_obj_t* self = NULL;
     mp_obj_t spi = args[ARG_spi_bus].u_obj;
-    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < CIRCUITPY_DISPLAY_LIMIT; i++) {
-        if (displays[i].fourwire_bus.base.type == NULL ||
-            displays[i].fourwire_bus.base.type == &mp_type_NoneType) {
-            self = &displays[i].fourwire_bus;
-            self->base.type = &displayio_fourwire_type;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    if (self == NULL) {
-        mp_raise_RuntimeError(translate("Too many display busses"));
-    }
+    displayio_fourwire_obj_t* self = &allocate_display_bus_or_raise()->fourwire_bus;
 
     uint8_t polarity = args[ARG_polarity].u_int;
     if (polarity != 0 && polarity != 1) {
diff --git a/shared-bindings/displayio/I2CDisplay.c b/shared-bindings/displayio/I2CDisplay.c
index 2e312aa14..dd3333f6d 100644
--- a/shared-bindings/displayio/I2CDisplay.c
+++ b/shared-bindings/displayio/I2CDisplay.c
@@ -71,19 +71,8 @@ STATIC mp_obj_t displayio_i2cdisplay_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t
 
     mcu_pin_obj_t *reset = validate_obj_is_free_pin_or_none(args[ARG_reset].u_obj);
 
-    displayio_i2cdisplay_obj_t* self = NULL;
     mp_obj_t i2c = args[ARG_i2c_bus].u_obj;
-    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < CIRCUITPY_DISPLAY_LIMIT; i++) {
-        if (displays[i].i2cdisplay_bus.base.type == NULL ||
-            displays[i].i2cdisplay_bus.base.type == &mp_type_NoneType) {
-            self = &displays[i].i2cdisplay_bus;
-            self->base.type = &displayio_i2cdisplay_type;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    if (self == NULL) {
-        mp_raise_RuntimeError(translate("Too many display busses"));
-    }
+    displayio_i2cdisplay_obj_t* self = &allocate_display_bus_or_raise()->i2cdisplay_bus;
 
     common_hal_displayio_i2cdisplay_construct(self,
         MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(i2c), args[ARG_device_address].u_int, reset);
diff --git a/shared-bindings/displayio/ParallelBus.c b/shared-bindings/displayio/ParallelBus.c
index b3a876f90..4d9ffb0a1 100644
--- a/shared-bindings/displayio/ParallelBus.c
+++ b/shared-bindings/displayio/ParallelBus.c
@@ -83,18 +83,7 @@ STATIC mp_obj_t displayio_parallelbus_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t
     mcu_pin_obj_t *read = validate_obj_is_free_pin(args[ARG_read].u_obj);
     mcu_pin_obj_t *reset = validate_obj_is_free_pin(args[ARG_reset].u_obj);
 
-    displayio_parallelbus_obj_t* self = NULL;
-    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < CIRCUITPY_DISPLAY_LIMIT; i++) {
-        if (displays[i].parallel_bus.base.type== NULL ||
-            displays[i].parallel_bus.base.type == &mp_type_NoneType) {
-            self = &displays[i].parallel_bus;
-            self->base.type = &displayio_parallelbus_type;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    if (self == NULL) {
-        mp_raise_RuntimeError(translate("Too many display busses"));
-    }
+    displayio_parallelbus_obj_t* self = &allocate_display_bus_or_raise()->parallel_bus;
 
     common_hal_displayio_parallelbus_construct(self, data0, command, chip_select, write, read, reset);
     return self;
diff --git a/shared-bindings/framebufferio/FramebufferDisplay.c b/shared-bindings/framebufferio/FramebufferDisplay.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa8fc1a63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared-bindings/framebufferio/FramebufferDisplay.c
@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the Micro Python project, http://micropython.org/
+ *
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 Scott Shawcroft for Adafruit Industries
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include "shared-bindings/framebufferio/FramebufferDisplay.h"
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "lib/utils/context_manager_helpers.h"
+#include "py/binary.h"
+#include "py/objproperty.h"
+#include "py/objtype.h"
+#include "py/runtime.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/displayio/Group.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/microcontroller/Pin.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/util.h"
+#include "shared-module/displayio/__init__.h"
+#include "supervisor/shared/translate.h"
+
+//| .. currentmodule:: framebufferio
+//|
+//| :class:`FramebufferDisplay` -- Manage updating a display with framebuffer in RAM
+//| ================================================================================
+//|
+//| This initializes a display and connects it into CircuitPython. Unlike other
+//| objects in CircuitPython, Display objects live until `displayio.release_displays()`
+//| is called. This is done so that CircuitPython can use the display itself.
+//|
+//| .. class:: FramebufferDisplay(framebuffer, *, width, height, colstart=0, rowstart=0, rotation=0, color_depth=16, grayscale=False, pixels_in_byte_share_row=True, bytes_per_cell=1, reverse_pixels_in_byte=False, backlight_pin=None, brightness=1.0, auto_brightness=False, auto_refresh=True, native_frames_per_second=60)
+//|
+//|   Create a Display object with the given framebuffer (a buffer, array, ulab.array, etc)
+//|
+//|   :param framebuffer: The framebuffer that the display is connected to
+//|   :type framebuffer: any core object implementing the framebuffer protocol
+//|   :param int width: Width in pixels
+//|   :param int height: Height in pixels
+//|   :param int rotation: The rotation of the display in degrees clockwise. Must be in 90 degree increments (0, 90, 180, 270)
+//|   :param int color_depth: The number of bits of color per pixel transmitted. (Some displays
+//|       support 18 bit but 16 is easier to transmit. The last bit is extrapolated.)
+//|   :param int bytes_per_cell: Number of bytes per addressable memory location when color_depth < 8. When greater than one, bytes share a row or column according to pixels_in_byte_share_row.
+//|   :param microcontroller.Pin backlight_pin: Pin connected to the display's backlight
+//|   :param bool brightness: Initial display brightness. This value is ignored if auto_brightness is True.
+//|   :param bool auto_brightness: If True, brightness is controlled via an ambient light sensor or other mechanism.
+//|   :param bool auto_refresh: Automatically refresh the screen
+//|   :param int native_frames_per_second: Number of display refreshes per second
+//|
+STATIC mp_obj_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_args) {
+    enum { ARG_framebuffer, ARG_width, ARG_height, ARG_rotation, ARG_color_depth, ARG_bytes_per_cell, ARG_auto_refresh, ARG_native_frames_per_second, NUM_ARGS };
+    static const mp_arg_t allowed_args[] = {
+        { MP_QSTR_framebuffer, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_OBJ },
+        { MP_QSTR_width, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_REQUIRED, },
+        { MP_QSTR_height, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_REQUIRED, },
+        { MP_QSTR_rotation, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, {.u_int = 0} },
+        { MP_QSTR_color_depth, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, {.u_int = 16} },
+        { MP_QSTR_bytes_per_cell, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, {.u_int = 1} },
+        { MP_QSTR_auto_refresh, MP_ARG_BOOL | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, {.u_bool = true} },
+        { MP_QSTR_native_frames_per_second, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, {.u_int = 60} },
+    };
+    MP_STATIC_ASSERT( MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args) == NUM_ARGS );
+    mp_arg_val_t args[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args)];
+    mp_arg_parse_all(n_args, pos_args, kw_args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, args);
+
+    mp_obj_t framebuffer = args[ARG_framebuffer].u_obj;
+
+    mp_int_t rotation = args[ARG_rotation].u_int;
+    if (rotation % 90 != 0) {
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("Display rotation must be in 90 degree increments"));
+    }
+
+    primary_display_t *disp = allocate_display_or_raise();
+    framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t *self = &disp->framebuffer_display;
+    self->base.type = &framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_type;
+    common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_construct(
+        self,
+        framebuffer,
+        args[ARG_width].u_int, args[ARG_height].u_int,
+        rotation,
+        args[ARG_color_depth].u_int,
+        args[ARG_bytes_per_cell].u_int,
+        args[ARG_auto_refresh].u_bool,
+        args[ARG_native_frames_per_second].u_int
+        );
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+// Helper to ensure we have the native super class instead of a subclass.
+static framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t* native_display(mp_obj_t display_obj) {
+    mp_obj_t native_display = mp_instance_cast_to_native_base(display_obj, &framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_type);
+    mp_obj_assert_native_inited(native_display);
+    return MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(native_display);
+}
+
+//|   .. method:: show(group)
+//|
+//|     Switches to displaying the given group of layers. When group is None, the default
+//|     CircuitPython terminal will be shown.
+//|
+//|     :param Group group: The group to show.
+//|
+STATIC mp_obj_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_show(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t group_in) {
+    framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t *self = native_display(self_in);
+    displayio_group_t* group = NULL;
+    if (group_in != mp_const_none) {
+        group = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(native_group(group_in));
+    }
+
+    bool ok = common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_show(self, group);
+    if (!ok) {
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("Group already used"));
+    }
+    return mp_const_none;
+}
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_2(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_show_obj, framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_show);
+
+//|   .. method:: refresh(*, target_frames_per_second=60, minimum_frames_per_second=1)
+//|
+//|     When auto refresh is off, waits for the target frame rate and then refreshes the display,
+//|     returning True. If the call has taken too long since the last refresh call for the given
+//|     target frame rate, then the refresh returns False immediately without updating the screen to
+//|     hopefully help getting caught up.
+//|
+//|     If the time since the last successful refresh is below the minimum frame rate, then an
+//|     exception will be raised. Set minimum_frames_per_second to 0 to disable.
+//|
+//|     When auto refresh is on, updates the display immediately. (The display will also update
+//|     without calls to this.)
+//|
+//|   :param int target_frames_per_second: How many times a second `refresh` should be called and the screen updated.
+//|   :param int minimum_frames_per_second: The minimum number of times the screen should be updated per second.
+//|
+STATIC mp_obj_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_refresh(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_args) {
+    enum { ARG_target_frames_per_second, ARG_minimum_frames_per_second };
+    static const mp_arg_t allowed_args[] = {
+        { MP_QSTR_target_frames_per_second, MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 60} },
+        { MP_QSTR_minimum_frames_per_second, MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 1} },
+    };
+    mp_arg_val_t args[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args)];
+    mp_arg_parse_all(n_args - 1, pos_args + 1, kw_args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, args);
+
+    framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t *self = native_display(pos_args[0]);
+    uint32_t maximum_ms_per_real_frame = 0xffffffff;
+    mp_int_t minimum_frames_per_second = args[ARG_minimum_frames_per_second].u_int;
+    if (minimum_frames_per_second > 0) {
+        maximum_ms_per_real_frame = 1000 / minimum_frames_per_second;
+    }
+    return mp_obj_new_bool(common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_refresh(self, 1000 / args[ARG_target_frames_per_second].u_int, maximum_ms_per_real_frame));
+}
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_refresh_obj, 1, framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_refresh);
+
+//|   .. attribute:: auto_refresh
+//|
+//|     True when the display is refreshed automatically.
+//|
+STATIC mp_obj_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_get_auto_refresh(mp_obj_t self_in) {
+    framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t *self = native_display(self_in);
+    return mp_obj_new_bool(common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_auto_refresh(self));
+}
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_auto_refresh_obj, framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_get_auto_refresh);
+
+STATIC mp_obj_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_set_auto_refresh(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t auto_refresh) {
+    framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t *self = native_display(self_in);
+
+    common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_set_auto_refresh(self, mp_obj_is_true(auto_refresh));
+
+    return mp_const_none;
+}
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_2(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_set_auto_refresh_obj, framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_set_auto_refresh);
+
+const mp_obj_property_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_auto_refresh_obj = {
+    .base.type = &mp_type_property,
+    .proxy = {(mp_obj_t)&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_auto_refresh_obj,
+              (mp_obj_t)&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_set_auto_refresh_obj,
+              (mp_obj_t)&mp_const_none_obj},
+};
+
+//|   .. attribute:: brightness
+//|
+//|     The brightness of the display as a float. 0.0 is off and 1.0 is full brightness. When
+//|     `auto_brightness` is True, the value of `brightness` will change automatically.
+//|     If `brightness` is set, `auto_brightness` will be disabled and will be set to False.
+//|
+STATIC mp_obj_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_get_brightness(mp_obj_t self_in) {
+    framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t *self = native_display(self_in);
+    mp_float_t brightness = common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_brightness(self);
+    if (brightness < 0) {
+        mp_raise_RuntimeError(translate("Brightness not adjustable"));
+    }
+    return mp_obj_new_float(brightness);
+}
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_brightness_obj, framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_get_brightness);
+
+STATIC mp_obj_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_set_brightness(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t brightness_obj) {
+    framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t *self = native_display(self_in);
+    common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_set_auto_brightness(self, false);
+    mp_float_t brightness = mp_obj_get_float(brightness_obj);
+    if (brightness < 0.0f || brightness > 1.0f) {
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("Brightness must be 0-1.0"));
+    }
+    bool ok = common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_set_brightness(self, brightness);
+    if (!ok) {
+        mp_raise_RuntimeError(translate("Brightness not adjustable"));
+    }
+    return mp_const_none;
+}
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_2(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_set_brightness_obj, framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_set_brightness);
+
+const mp_obj_property_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_brightness_obj = {
+    .base.type = &mp_type_property,
+    .proxy = {(mp_obj_t)&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_brightness_obj,
+              (mp_obj_t)&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_set_brightness_obj,
+              (mp_obj_t)&mp_const_none_obj},
+};
+
+//|   .. attribute:: auto_brightness
+//|
+//|     True when the display brightness is adjusted automatically, based on an ambient
+//|     light sensor or other method. Note that some displays may have this set to True by default,
+//|     but not actually implement automatic brightness adjustment. `auto_brightness` is set to False
+//|     if `brightness` is set manually.
+//|
+STATIC mp_obj_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_get_auto_brightness(mp_obj_t self_in) {
+    framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t *self = native_display(self_in);
+    return mp_obj_new_bool(common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_auto_brightness(self));
+}
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_auto_brightness_obj, framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_get_auto_brightness);
+
+STATIC mp_obj_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_set_auto_brightness(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t auto_brightness) {
+    framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t *self = native_display(self_in);
+
+    bool ok = common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_set_auto_brightness(self, mp_obj_is_true(auto_brightness));
+    if (!ok) {
+        mp_raise_RuntimeError(translate("Brightness not adjustable"));
+    }
+
+    return mp_const_none;
+}
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_2(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_set_auto_brightness_obj, framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_set_auto_brightness);
+
+const mp_obj_property_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_auto_brightness_obj = {
+    .base.type = &mp_type_property,
+    .proxy = {(mp_obj_t)&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_auto_brightness_obj,
+              (mp_obj_t)&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_set_auto_brightness_obj,
+              (mp_obj_t)&mp_const_none_obj},
+};
+
+//|   .. attribute:: width
+//|
+//|	Gets the width of the framebuffer
+//|
+STATIC mp_obj_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_get_width(mp_obj_t self_in) {
+    framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t *self = native_display(self_in);
+    return MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_width(self));
+}
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_width_obj, framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_get_width);
+
+const mp_obj_property_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_width_obj = {
+    .base.type = &mp_type_property,
+    .proxy = {(mp_obj_t)&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_width_obj,
+              (mp_obj_t)&mp_const_none_obj,
+              (mp_obj_t)&mp_const_none_obj},
+};
+
+//|   .. attribute:: height
+//|
+//|	Gets the height of the framebuffer
+//|
+STATIC mp_obj_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_get_height(mp_obj_t self_in) {
+    framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t *self = native_display(self_in);
+    return MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_height(self));
+}
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_height_obj, framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_get_height);
+
+const mp_obj_property_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_height_obj = {
+    .base.type = &mp_type_property,
+    .proxy = {(mp_obj_t)&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_height_obj,
+              (mp_obj_t)&mp_const_none_obj,
+              (mp_obj_t)&mp_const_none_obj},
+};
+
+//|   .. attribute:: rotation
+//|
+//|     The rotation of the display as an int in degrees.
+//|
+STATIC mp_obj_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_get_rotation(mp_obj_t self_in) {
+    framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t *self = native_display(self_in);
+    return MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_rotation(self));
+}
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_rotation_obj, framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_get_rotation);
+STATIC mp_obj_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_set_rotation(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t value) {
+    framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t *self = native_display(self_in);
+    common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_set_rotation(self, mp_obj_get_int(value));
+    return mp_const_none;
+}
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_2(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_set_rotation_obj, framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_set_rotation);
+
+
+const mp_obj_property_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_rotation_obj = {
+    .base.type = &mp_type_property,
+    .proxy = {(mp_obj_t)&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_rotation_obj,
+              (mp_obj_t)&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_set_rotation_obj,
+              (mp_obj_t)&mp_const_none_obj},
+};
+
+//|   .. attribute:: framebuffer
+//|
+//|	The framebuffer being used by the display
+//|
+//|
+STATIC mp_obj_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_get_framebuffer(mp_obj_t self_in) {
+    framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t *self = native_display(self_in);
+    return common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_framebuffer(self);
+}
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_framebuffer_obj, framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_get_framebuffer);
+
+const mp_obj_property_t framebufferio_framebufferframebuffer_obj = {
+    .base.type = &mp_type_property,
+    .proxy = {(mp_obj_t)&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_framebuffer_obj,
+              (mp_obj_t)&mp_const_none_obj,
+              (mp_obj_t)&mp_const_none_obj},
+};
+
+
+//|   .. method:: fill_row(y, buffer)
+//|
+//|     Extract the pixels from a single row
+//|
+//|     :param int y: The top edge of the area
+//|     :param bytearray buffer: The buffer in which to place the pixel data
+STATIC mp_obj_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_fill_row(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_args) {
+    enum { ARG_y, ARG_buffer };
+    static const mp_arg_t allowed_args[] = {
+        { MP_QSTR_y, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_REQUIRED, {.u_int = -1} },
+        { MP_QSTR_buffer, MP_ARG_OBJ | MP_ARG_REQUIRED, {} },
+    };
+    mp_arg_val_t args[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args)];
+    mp_arg_parse_all(n_args - 1, pos_args + 1, kw_args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, args);
+    framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t *self = native_display(pos_args[0]);
+    mp_int_t y = args[ARG_y].u_int;
+    mp_obj_t *result = args[ARG_buffer].u_obj;
+
+    mp_buffer_info_t bufinfo;
+    mp_get_buffer_raise(result, &bufinfo, MP_BUFFER_WRITE);
+
+    if (bufinfo.typecode != BYTEARRAY_TYPECODE) {
+      mp_raise_ValueError(translate("Buffer is not a bytearray."));
+    }
+    if (self->core.colorspace.depth != 16) {
+      mp_raise_ValueError(translate("Display must have a 16 bit colorspace."));
+    }
+
+    displayio_area_t area = {
+      .x1 = 0,
+      .y1 = y,
+      .x2 = self->core.width,
+      .y2 = y + 1
+    };
+    uint8_t pixels_per_word = (sizeof(uint32_t) * 8) / self->core.colorspace.depth;
+    uint16_t buffer_size = self->core.width / pixels_per_word;
+    uint16_t pixels_per_buffer = displayio_area_size(&area);
+    if (pixels_per_buffer % pixels_per_word) {
+      buffer_size += 1;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t *result_buffer = bufinfo.buf;
+    size_t result_buffer_size = bufinfo.len;
+
+    if (result_buffer_size >= (buffer_size * 4)) {
+      volatile uint32_t mask_length = (pixels_per_buffer / 32) + 1;
+      uint32_t mask[mask_length];
+
+      for (uint16_t k = 0; k < mask_length; k++) {
+        mask[k] = 0x00000000;
+      }
+
+      displayio_display_core_fill_area(&self->core, &area, mask, result_buffer);
+      return result;
+    } else {
+      mp_raise_ValueError(translate("Buffer is too small"));
+    }
+}
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_fill_row_obj, 1, framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_fill_row);
+
+STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_locals_dict_table[] = {
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_show), MP_ROM_PTR(&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_show_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_refresh), MP_ROM_PTR(&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_refresh_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_fill_row), MP_ROM_PTR(&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_fill_row_obj) },
+
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_auto_refresh), MP_ROM_PTR(&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_auto_refresh_obj) },
+
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_brightness), MP_ROM_PTR(&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_brightness_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_auto_brightness), MP_ROM_PTR(&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_auto_brightness_obj) },
+
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_width), MP_ROM_PTR(&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_width_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_height), MP_ROM_PTR(&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_height_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_rotation), MP_ROM_PTR(&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_rotation_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_framebuffer), MP_ROM_PTR(&framebufferio_framebufferframebuffer_obj) },
+};
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_locals_dict, framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_locals_dict_table);
+
+const mp_obj_type_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_type = {
+    { &mp_type_type },
+    .name = MP_QSTR_FramebufferDisplay,
+    .make_new = framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_make_new,
+    .locals_dict = (mp_obj_dict_t*)&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_locals_dict,
+};
diff --git a/shared-bindings/framebufferio/FramebufferDisplay.h b/shared-bindings/framebufferio/FramebufferDisplay.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b472088d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared-bindings/framebufferio/FramebufferDisplay.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the Micro Python project, http://micropython.org/
+ *
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017, 2018 Scott Shawcroft for Adafruit Industries
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_BINDINGS_DISPLAYIO_FRAMEBUFFERDISPLAY_H
+#define MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_BINDINGS_DISPLAYIO_FRAMEBUFFERDISPLAY_H
+
+#include "common-hal/microcontroller/Pin.h"
+
+#include "shared-module/framebufferio/FramebufferDisplay.h"
+#include "shared-module/displayio/Group.h"
+
+extern const mp_obj_type_t framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_type;
+
+#define DELAY 0x80
+
+#define NO_BRIGHTNESS_COMMAND 0x100
+
+void common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_construct(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t* self,
+        mp_obj_t framebuffer, uint16_t width, uint16_t height,
+        uint16_t rotation, uint16_t color_depth,
+        uint8_t bytes_per_cell,
+        bool auto_refresh, uint16_t native_frames_per_second);
+
+bool common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_show(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t* self,
+                                       displayio_group_t* root_group);
+
+bool common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_refresh(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t* self, uint32_t target_ms_per_frame, uint32_t maximum_ms_per_real_frame);
+
+bool common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_auto_refresh(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t* self);
+void common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_set_auto_refresh(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t* self, bool auto_refresh);
+
+uint16_t common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_width(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t* self);
+uint16_t common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_height(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t* self);
+uint16_t common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_rotation(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t* self);
+void common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_set_rotation(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t* self, int rotation);
+
+bool common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_auto_brightness(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t* self);
+bool common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_set_auto_brightness(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t* self, bool auto_brightness);
+
+mp_float_t common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_get_brightness(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t* self);
+bool common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_set_brightness(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t* self, mp_float_t brightness);
+
+mp_obj_t common_hal_framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_framebuffer(framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_obj_t* self);
+
+
+#endif // MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_BINDINGS_DISPLAYIO_FRAMEBUFFERDISPLAY_H
diff --git a/shared-bindings/framebufferio/__init__.c b/shared-bindings/framebufferio/__init__.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f0823a25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared-bindings/framebufferio/__init__.c
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the MicroPython project, http://micropython.org/
+ *
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2020 Jeff Epler for Adafruit Industries
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include "py/obj.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/framebufferio/__init__.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/framebufferio/FramebufferDisplay.h"
+
+//| :mod:`framebufferio` --- Native framebuffer display driving
+//| =========================================================================
+//|
+//| .. module:: framebufferio
+//|   :synopsis: Native helpers for driving displays
+//|   :platform: SAMD51, nRF52
+//|
+//| The `framebufferio` module contains classes to manage display output
+//| including synchronizing with refresh rates and partial updating.
+//| It is used in conjunction with classes from `displayio` to actually
+//| place items on the display; and classes like `Protomatter` to actually
+//| drive the display.
+//|
+//| Libraries
+//|
+//| .. toctree::
+//|     :maxdepth: 3
+//|
+//|     FramebufferDisplay
+//|
+
+#if CIRCUITPY_FRAMEBUFFERIO
+static const mp_rom_map_elem_t framebufferio_module_globals_table[] = {
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR___name__), MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_framebufferio) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_FramebufferDisplay), MP_ROM_PTR(&framebufferio_framebufferdisplay_type) },
+};
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(framebufferio_module_globals, framebufferio_module_globals_table);
+const mp_obj_module_t framebufferio_module = {
+    .base = { &mp_type_module },
+    .globals = (mp_obj_dict_t*)&framebufferio_module_globals,
+};
+#endif
+
diff --git a/shared-bindings/framebufferio/__init__.h b/shared-bindings/framebufferio/__init__.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared-bindings/framebufferio/__init__.h
diff --git a/shared-bindings/microcontroller/Pin.h b/shared-bindings/microcontroller/Pin.h
index 4f29322a0..bb5256b55 100644
--- a/shared-bindings/microcontroller/Pin.h
+++ b/shared-bindings/microcontroller/Pin.h
@@ -43,5 +43,11 @@ void assert_pin_free(const mcu_pin_obj_t* pin);
 bool common_hal_mcu_pin_is_free(const mcu_pin_obj_t* pin);
 void common_hal_never_reset_pin(const mcu_pin_obj_t* pin);
 void common_hal_reset_pin(const mcu_pin_obj_t* pin);
+uint8_t common_hal_mcu_pin_number(const mcu_pin_obj_t* pin);
+void common_hal_mcu_pin_claim(const mcu_pin_obj_t* pin);
+void common_hal_mcu_pin_claim_number(uint8_t pin_no);
+void common_hal_mcu_pin_reset_number(uint8_t pin_no);
+
+#define COMMON_HAL_MCU_NO_PIN ((uint8_t)0xff)
 
 #endif  // MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_BINDINGS_MICROCONTROLLER_PIN_H
diff --git a/shared-bindings/ulab/__init__.rst b/shared-bindings/ulab/__init__.rst
index d8c10dcc8..c9f2617ff 100644
--- a/shared-bindings/ulab/__init__.rst
+++ b/shared-bindings/ulab/__init__.rst
@@ -79,26 +79,30 @@ ulab.array -- 1- and 2- dimensional array
    .. method:: __add__()
 
       Adds corresponding elements of the two arrays, or adds a number to all
-      elements of the array.  A number must be on the right hand side.  If
-      both arguments are arrays, their sizes must match.
+      elements of the array.  If both arguments are arrays, their sizes must match.
 
    .. method:: __sub__()
 
-      Subtracts corresponding elements of the two arrays, or subtracts a
-      number from all elements of the array.  A number must be on the right
-      hand side.  If both arguments are arrays, their sizes must match.
+      Subtracts corresponding elements of the two arrays, or adds a number to all
+      elements of the array.  If both arguments are arrays, their sizes must match.
 
    .. method:: __mul__()
 
       Multiplies corresponding elements of the two arrays, or multiplies
-      all elements of the array by a number.  A number must be on the right
-      hand side.  If both arguments are arrays, their sizes must match.
+      all elements of the array by a number.  If both arguments are arrays,
+      their sizes must match.
 
    .. method:: __div__()
 
       Multiplies corresponding elements of the two arrays, or divides
-      all elements of the array by a number.  A number must be on the right
-      hand side.  If both arguments are arrays, their sizes must match.
+      all elements of the array by a number.  If both arguments are arrays,
+      their sizes must match.
+
+   .. method:: __pow__()
+
+      Computes the power (x**y) of corresponding elements of the the two arrays,
+      or one number and one array.  If both arguments are arrays, their sizes
+      must match.
 
    .. method:: __getitem__()
 
@@ -348,6 +352,12 @@ much more efficient than expressing the same operation as a Python loop.
 
    Return the total number of elements in the array, as an integer.
 
+.. method:: trace(m)
+
+   :param m: a square matrix
+
+   Compute the trace of the matrix, the sum of its diagonal elements.
+
 :mod:`ulab.filter` --- Filtering functions
 ==========================================
 
@@ -404,11 +414,11 @@ operate over the flattened array (None), rows (0), or columns (1).
 
 .. method:: argmax(array, \*, axis=None)
 
-   Return the index of the maximum element of the 1D array, as an array with 1 element
+   Return the index of the maximum element of the 1D array
 
 .. method:: argmin(array, \*, axis=None)
 
-   Return the index of the minimum element of the 1D array, as an array with 1 element
+   Return the index of the minimum element of the 1D array
 
 .. method:: argsort(array, \*, axis=None)
 
@@ -426,7 +436,7 @@ operate over the flattened array (None), rows (0), or columns (1).
 
 .. method:: max(array, \*, axis=None)
 
-   Return the maximum element of the 1D array, as an array with 1 element
+   Return the maximum element of the 1D array
 
 .. method:: mean(array, \*, axis=None)
 
@@ -434,7 +444,7 @@ operate over the flattened array (None), rows (0), or columns (1).
 
 .. method:: min(array, \*, axis=None)
 
-   Return the minimum element of the 1D array, as an array with 1 element
+   Return the minimum element of the 1D array
 
 .. method:: roll(array, distance, \*, axis=None)