Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/adafruit/circuitpython into mixer_voice

18 files changed, 278 insertions, 67 deletions

diff --git a/shared-module/_stage/__init__.c b/shared-module/_stage/__init__.c
index 1af279e92..ca71b758e 100644
--- a/shared-module/_stage/__init__.c
+++ b/shared-module/_stage/__init__.c
@@ -34,30 +34,35 @@
 void render_stage(uint16_t x0, uint16_t y0, uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1,
         mp_obj_t *layers, size_t layers_size,
         uint16_t *buffer, size_t buffer_size,
-        displayio_display_obj_t *display) {
+        displayio_display_obj_t *display, uint8_t scale) {
 
     size_t index = 0;
     for (uint16_t y = y0; y < y1; ++y) {
-        for (uint16_t x = x0; x < x1; ++x) {
-            for (size_t layer = 0; layer < layers_size; ++layer) {
+        for (uint8_t yscale = 0; yscale < scale; ++yscale) {
+            for (uint16_t x = x0; x < x1; ++x) {
                 uint16_t c = TRANSPARENT;
-                layer_obj_t *obj = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(layers[layer]);
-                if (obj->base.type == &mp_type_layer) {
-                    c = get_layer_pixel(obj, x, y);
-                } else if (obj->base.type == &mp_type_text) {
-                    c = get_text_pixel((text_obj_t *)obj, x, y);
+                for (size_t layer = 0; layer < layers_size; ++layer) {
+                    layer_obj_t *obj = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(layers[layer]);
+                    if (obj->base.type == &mp_type_layer) {
+                        c = get_layer_pixel(obj, x, y);
+                    } else if (obj->base.type == &mp_type_text) {
+                        c = get_text_pixel((text_obj_t *)obj, x, y);
+                    }
+                    if (c != TRANSPARENT) {
+                        break;
+                    }
                 }
-                if (c != TRANSPARENT) {
+                for (uint8_t xscale = 0; xscale < scale; ++xscale) {
                     buffer[index] = c;
-                    break;
+                    index += 1;
+                    // The buffer is full, send it.
+                    if (index >= buffer_size) {
+                        display->send(display->bus, false, ((uint8_t*)buffer),
+                                      buffer_size * 2);
+                        index = 0;
+                    }
                 }
             }
-            index += 1;
-            // The buffer is full, send it.
-            if (index >= buffer_size) {
-                display->send(display->bus, false, ((uint8_t*)buffer), buffer_size * 2);
-                index = 0;
-            }
         }
     }
     // Send the remaining data.
diff --git a/shared-module/_stage/__init__.h b/shared-module/_stage/__init__.h
index d263302b4..5af2124ae 100644
--- a/shared-module/_stage/__init__.h
+++ b/shared-module/_stage/__init__.h
@@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
 void render_stage(uint16_t x0, uint16_t y0, uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1,
         mp_obj_t *layers, size_t layers_size,
         uint16_t *buffer, size_t buffer_size,
-        displayio_display_obj_t *display);
+        displayio_display_obj_t *display, uint8_t scale);
 
 #endif  // MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_MODULE__STAGE
diff --git a/shared-module/audiocore/WaveFile.c b/shared-module/audiocore/WaveFile.c
index 810d9c33b..df5d4b61d 100644
--- a/shared-module/audiocore/WaveFile.c
+++ b/shared-module/audiocore/WaveFile.c
@@ -46,7 +46,9 @@ struct wave_format_chunk {
 };
 
 void common_hal_audioio_wavefile_construct(audioio_wavefile_obj_t* self,
-                                           pyb_file_obj_t* file) {
+                                           pyb_file_obj_t* file,
+                                           uint8_t *buffer,
+                                           size_t buffer_size) {
     // Load the wave
     self->file = file;
     uint8_t chunk_header[16];
@@ -84,7 +86,6 @@ void common_hal_audioio_wavefile_construct(audioio_wavefile_obj_t* self,
     }
     // Get the sample_rate
     self->sample_rate = format.sample_rate;
-    self->len = 256;
     self->channel_count = format.num_channels;
     self->bits_per_sample = format.bits_per_sample;
 
@@ -111,21 +112,31 @@ void common_hal_audioio_wavefile_construct(audioio_wavefile_obj_t* self,
 
     // Try to allocate two buffers, one will be loaded from file and the other
     // DMAed to DAC.
-    self->buffer = m_malloc(self->len, false);
-    if (self->buffer == NULL) {
-        common_hal_audioio_wavefile_deinit(self);
-        mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_MemoryError, translate("Couldn't allocate first buffer"));
-    }
+    if (buffer_size) {
+        self->len = buffer_size / 2;
+        self->buffer = buffer;
+        self->second_buffer = buffer + self->len;
+    } else {
+        self->len = 256;
+        self->buffer = m_malloc(self->len, false);
+        if (self->buffer == NULL) {
+            common_hal_audioio_wavefile_deinit(self);
+            mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_MemoryError,
+                         translate("Couldn't allocate first buffer"));
+        }
 
-    self->second_buffer = m_malloc(self->len, false);
-    if (self->second_buffer == NULL) {
-        common_hal_audioio_wavefile_deinit(self);
-        mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_MemoryError, translate("Couldn't allocate second buffer"));
+        self->second_buffer = m_malloc(self->len, false);
+        if (self->second_buffer == NULL) {
+            common_hal_audioio_wavefile_deinit(self);
+            mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_MemoryError,
+                         translate("Couldn't allocate second buffer"));
+        }
     }
 }
 
 void common_hal_audioio_wavefile_deinit(audioio_wavefile_obj_t* self) {
     self->buffer = NULL;
+    self->second_buffer = NULL;
 }
 
 bool common_hal_audioio_wavefile_deinited(audioio_wavefile_obj_t* self) {
diff --git a/shared-module/audiocore/WaveFile.h b/shared-module/audiocore/WaveFile.h
index 97dd6a46f..3eecbf15c 100644
--- a/shared-module/audiocore/WaveFile.h
+++ b/shared-module/audiocore/WaveFile.h
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #ifndef MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_MODULE_AUDIOIO_WAVEFILE_H
 #define MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_MODULE_AUDIOIO_WAVEFILE_H
 
+#include "extmod/vfs_fat.h"
 #include "py/obj.h"
 
 #include "shared-module/audiocore/__init__.h"
diff --git a/shared-module/audiopwmio/__init__.c b/shared-module/audiopwmio/__init__.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared-module/audiopwmio/__init__.c
diff --git a/shared-module/bleio/__init__.h b/shared-module/audiopwmio/__init__.h
index 07d148594..964e4aafe 100644
--- a/shared-module/bleio/__init__.h
+++ b/shared-module/audiopwmio/__init__.h
@@ -24,15 +24,9 @@
  * THE SOFTWARE.
  */
 
-#ifndef MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_MODULE_BLEIO_INIT_H
-#define MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_MODULE_BLEIO_INIT_H
+#ifndef MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_MODULE_AUDIOPWMIO__INIT__H
+#define MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_MODULE_AUDIOPWMIO__INIT__H
 
-typedef enum {
-    GATT_ROLE_NONE,
-    GATT_ROLE_SERVER,
-    GATT_ROLE_CLIENT,
-} gatt_role_t;
+#include "shared-module/audiocore/__init__.h"
 
-extern void bleio_reset(void);
-
-#endif // MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_MODULE_BLEIO_INIT_H
+#endif  // MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_MODULE_AUDIOPWMIO__INIT__H
diff --git a/shared-module/bleio/Attribute.c b/shared-module/bleio/Attribute.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2275003c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared-module/bleio/Attribute.c
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the MicroPython project, http://micropython.org/
+ *
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 Dan Halbert for Adafruit Industries
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "py/runtime.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/bleio/Attribute.h"
+
+void common_hal_bleio_attribute_security_mode_check_valid(bleio_attribute_security_mode_t security_mode) {
+    switch (security_mode) {
+        case SECURITY_MODE_NO_ACCESS:
+        case SECURITY_MODE_OPEN:
+        case SECURITY_MODE_ENC_NO_MITM:
+        case SECURITY_MODE_ENC_WITH_MITM:
+        case SECURITY_MODE_LESC_ENC_WITH_MITM:
+        case SECURITY_MODE_SIGNED_NO_MITM:
+        case SECURITY_MODE_SIGNED_WITH_MITM:
+            break;
+        default:
+            mp_raise_ValueError(translate("Invalid security_mode"));
+            break;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/shared-module/bleio/Attribute.h b/shared-module/bleio/Attribute.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a498a14a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared-module/bleio/Attribute.h
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the MicroPython project, http://micropython.org/
+ *
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 Dan Halbert for Adafruit Industries
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_MODULE_BLEIO_ATTRIBUTE_H
+#define MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_MODULE_BLEIO_ATTRIBUTE_H
+
+// BLE security modes: 0x<level><mode>
+typedef enum {
+    SECURITY_MODE_NO_ACCESS = 0x00,
+    SECURITY_MODE_OPEN = 0x11,
+    SECURITY_MODE_ENC_NO_MITM = 0x21,
+    SECURITY_MODE_ENC_WITH_MITM = 0x31,
+    SECURITY_MODE_LESC_ENC_WITH_MITM = 0x41,
+    SECURITY_MODE_SIGNED_NO_MITM = 0x12,
+    SECURITY_MODE_SIGNED_WITH_MITM = 0x22,
+} bleio_attribute_security_mode_t;
+
+#endif // MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_MODULE_BLEIO_ATTRIBUTE_H
diff --git a/shared-module/bleio/Characteristic.h b/shared-module/bleio/Characteristic.h
index 27b43588f..409a57c76 100644
--- a/shared-module/bleio/Characteristic.h
+++ b/shared-module/bleio/Characteristic.h
@@ -27,14 +27,17 @@
 #ifndef MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_MODULE_BLEIO_CHARACTERISTIC_H
 #define MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_MODULE_BLEIO_CHARACTERISTIC_H
 
-// Flags for each characteristic property. Common across ports.
-typedef struct {
-        bool broadcast : 1;
-        bool read : 1;
-        bool write_no_response : 1;
-        bool write : 1;
-        bool notify : 1;
-        bool indicate : 1;
-} bleio_characteristic_properties_t;
+typedef enum {
+    CHAR_PROP_NONE =              0,
+    CHAR_PROP_BROADCAST =         1u << 0,
+    CHAR_PROP_INDICATE =          1u << 1,
+    CHAR_PROP_NOTIFY =            1u << 2,
+    CHAR_PROP_READ =              1u << 3,
+    CHAR_PROP_WRITE =             1u << 4,
+    CHAR_PROP_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE = 1u << 5,
+    CHAR_PROP_ALL =               (CHAR_PROP_BROADCAST | CHAR_PROP_INDICATE | CHAR_PROP_NOTIFY |
+                                   CHAR_PROP_READ | CHAR_PROP_WRITE | CHAR_PROP_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE)
+} bleio_characteristic_properties_enum_t;
+typedef uint8_t bleio_characteristic_properties_t;
 
 #endif // MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_MODULE_BLEIO_CHARACTERISTIC_H
diff --git a/shared-module/board/__init__.c b/shared-module/board/__init__.c
index 5a1dead78..dd07d7190 100644
--- a/shared-module/board/__init__.c
+++ b/shared-module/board/__init__.c
@@ -40,17 +40,25 @@
 #endif
 
 #if BOARD_I2C
+// Statically allocate the I2C object so it can live past the end of the heap and into the next VM.
+// That way it can be used by built-in I2CDisplay displays and be accessible through board.I2C().
+STATIC busio_i2c_obj_t i2c_obj;
+STATIC mp_obj_t i2c_singleton = NULL;
+
 mp_obj_t common_hal_board_get_i2c(void) {
-    return MP_STATE_VM(shared_i2c_bus);
+    return i2c_singleton;
 }
 
 mp_obj_t common_hal_board_create_i2c(void) {
-    busio_i2c_obj_t *self = m_new_ll_obj(busio_i2c_obj_t);
+    if (i2c_singleton != NULL) {
+        return i2c_singleton;
+    }
+    busio_i2c_obj_t *self = &i2c_obj;
     self->base.type = &busio_i2c_type;
 
     common_hal_busio_i2c_construct(self, DEFAULT_I2C_BUS_SCL, DEFAULT_I2C_BUS_SDA, 400000, 0);
-    MP_STATE_VM(shared_i2c_bus) = MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(self);
-    return MP_STATE_VM(shared_i2c_bus);
+    i2c_singleton = (mp_obj_t)self;
+    return i2c_singleton;
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -101,7 +109,18 @@ mp_obj_t common_hal_board_create_uart(void) {
 
 void reset_board_busses(void) {
 #if BOARD_I2C
-    MP_STATE_VM(shared_i2c_bus) = NULL;
+    bool display_using_i2c = false;
+    #if CIRCUITPY_DISPLAYIO
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < CIRCUITPY_DISPLAY_LIMIT; i++) {
+        if (displays[i].i2cdisplay_bus.bus == i2c_singleton) {
+            display_using_i2c = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    #endif
+    if (!display_using_i2c) {
+        i2c_singleton = NULL;
+    }
 #endif
 #if BOARD_SPI
     bool display_using_spi = false;
diff --git a/shared-module/displayio/Bitmap.c b/shared-module/displayio/Bitmap.c
index f8dc24c15..59971d25c 100644
--- a/shared-module/displayio/Bitmap.c
+++ b/shared-module/displayio/Bitmap.c
@@ -63,6 +63,11 @@ void common_hal_displayio_bitmap_construct(displayio_bitmap_t *self, uint32_t wi
     }
     self->x_mask = (1 << self->x_shift) - 1; // Used as a modulus on the x value
     self->bitmask = (1 << bits_per_value) - 1;
+
+    self->dirty_area.x1 = 0;
+    self->dirty_area.x2 = width;
+    self->dirty_area.y1 = 0;
+    self->dirty_area.y2 = height;
 }
 
 uint16_t common_hal_displayio_bitmap_get_height(displayio_bitmap_t *self) {
@@ -104,6 +109,26 @@ void common_hal_displayio_bitmap_set_pixel(displayio_bitmap_t *self, int16_t x,
     if (self->read_only) {
         mp_raise_RuntimeError(translate("Read-only object"));
     }
+    // Update the dirty area.
+    if (self->dirty_area.x1 == self->dirty_area.x2) {
+        self->dirty_area.x1 = x;
+        self->dirty_area.x2 = x + 1;
+        self->dirty_area.y1 = y;
+        self->dirty_area.y2 = y + 1;
+    } else {
+        if (x < self->dirty_area.x1) {
+            self->dirty_area.x1 = x;
+        } else if (x >= self->dirty_area.x2) {
+            self->dirty_area.x2 = x + 1;
+        }
+        if (y < self->dirty_area.y1) {
+            self->dirty_area.y1 = y;
+        } else if (y >= self->dirty_area.y2) {
+            self->dirty_area.y2 = y + 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Update our data
     int32_t row_start = y * self->stride;
     uint32_t bytes_per_value = self->bits_per_value / 8;
     if (bytes_per_value < 1) {
@@ -124,3 +149,16 @@ void common_hal_displayio_bitmap_set_pixel(displayio_bitmap_t *self, int16_t x,
         }
     }
 }
+
+displayio_area_t* displayio_bitmap_get_refresh_areas(displayio_bitmap_t *self, displayio_area_t* tail) {
+    if (self->dirty_area.x1 == self->dirty_area.x2) {
+        return tail;
+    }
+    self->dirty_area.next = tail;
+    return &self->dirty_area;
+}
+
+void displayio_bitmap_finish_refresh(displayio_bitmap_t *self) {
+    self->dirty_area.x1 = 0;
+    self->dirty_area.x2 = 0;
+}
diff --git a/shared-module/displayio/Bitmap.h b/shared-module/displayio/Bitmap.h
index 48ca9e2cf..f4bd7ce4d 100644
--- a/shared-module/displayio/Bitmap.h
+++ b/shared-module/displayio/Bitmap.h
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 #include "py/obj.h"
+#include "shared-module/displayio/area.h"
 
 typedef struct {
     mp_obj_base_t base;
@@ -41,8 +42,12 @@ typedef struct {
     uint8_t bits_per_value;
     uint8_t x_shift;
     size_t x_mask;
+    displayio_area_t dirty_area;
     uint16_t bitmask;
     bool read_only;
 } displayio_bitmap_t;
 
+void displayio_bitmap_finish_refresh(displayio_bitmap_t *self);
+displayio_area_t* displayio_bitmap_get_refresh_areas(displayio_bitmap_t *self, displayio_area_t* tail);
+
 #endif // MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_MODULE_DISPLAYIO_BITMAP_H
diff --git a/shared-module/displayio/Display.c b/shared-module/displayio/Display.c
index 51c6f292a..c23c66b8b 100644
--- a/shared-module/displayio/Display.c
+++ b/shared-module/displayio/Display.c
@@ -85,9 +85,7 @@ void common_hal_displayio_display_construct(displayio_display_obj_t* self,
 
     uint32_t i = 0;
     while (!self->begin_transaction(self->bus)) {
-#ifdef MICROPY_VM_HOOK_LOOP
-        MICROPY_VM_HOOK_LOOP ;
-#endif
+        RUN_BACKGROUND_TASKS;
     }
     while (i < init_sequence_len) {
         uint8_t *cmd = init_sequence + i;
@@ -199,19 +197,26 @@ void common_hal_displayio_display_construct(displayio_display_obj_t* self,
 
 bool common_hal_displayio_display_show(displayio_display_obj_t* self, displayio_group_t* root_group) {
     if (root_group == NULL) {
-        root_group = &circuitpython_splash;
+        if (!circuitpython_splash.in_group) {
+            root_group = &circuitpython_splash;
+        } else if (self->current_group == &circuitpython_splash) {
+            return false;
+        }
     }
     if (root_group == self->current_group) {
         return true;
     }
-    if (root_group->in_group) {
+    if (root_group != NULL && root_group->in_group) {
         return false;
     }
     if (self->current_group != NULL) {
         self->current_group->in_group = false;
     }
-    displayio_group_update_transform(root_group, &self->transform);
-    root_group->in_group = true;
+
+    if (root_group != NULL) {
+        displayio_group_update_transform(root_group, &self->transform);
+        root_group->in_group = true;
+    }
     self->current_group = root_group;
     self->full_refresh = true;
     common_hal_displayio_display_refresh_soon(self);
@@ -235,7 +240,7 @@ int32_t common_hal_displayio_display_wait_for_frame(displayio_display_obj_t* sel
     uint64_t last_refresh = self->last_refresh;
     // Don't try to refresh if we got an exception.
     while (last_refresh == self->last_refresh && MP_STATE_VM(mp_pending_exception) == NULL) {
-        MICROPY_VM_HOOK_LOOP
+        RUN_BACKGROUND_TASKS;
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -402,6 +407,10 @@ void displayio_display_update_backlight(displayio_display_obj_t* self) {
 }
 
 void release_display(displayio_display_obj_t* self) {
+    if (self->current_group != NULL) {
+        self->current_group->in_group = false;
+    }
+
     if (self->backlight_pwm.base.type == &pulseio_pwmout_type) {
         common_hal_pulseio_pwmout_reset_ok(&self->backlight_pwm);
         common_hal_pulseio_pwmout_deinit(&self->backlight_pwm);
diff --git a/shared-module/displayio/TileGrid.c b/shared-module/displayio/TileGrid.c
index fee2ae978..6144f8f99 100644
--- a/shared-module/displayio/TileGrid.c
+++ b/shared-module/displayio/TileGrid.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 #include "shared-bindings/displayio/TileGrid.h"
 
+#include "py/runtime.h"
 #include "shared-bindings/displayio/Bitmap.h"
 #include "shared-bindings/displayio/ColorConverter.h"
 #include "shared-bindings/displayio/OnDiskBitmap.h"
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@
 #include "shared-bindings/displayio/Shape.h"
 
 void common_hal_displayio_tilegrid_construct(displayio_tilegrid_t *self, mp_obj_t bitmap,
-        uint16_t bitmap_width_in_tiles,
+        uint16_t bitmap_width_in_tiles, uint16_t bitmap_height_in_tiles,
         mp_obj_t pixel_shader, uint16_t width, uint16_t height,
         uint16_t tile_width, uint16_t tile_height, uint16_t x, uint16_t y, uint8_t default_tile) {
     uint32_t total_tiles = width * height;
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ void common_hal_displayio_tilegrid_construct(displayio_tilegrid_t *self, mp_obj_
         self->inline_tiles = false;
     }
     self->bitmap_width_in_tiles = bitmap_width_in_tiles;
+    self->tiles_in_bitmap = bitmap_width_in_tiles * bitmap_height_in_tiles;
     self->width_in_tiles = width;
     self->height_in_tiles = height;
     self->x = x;
@@ -204,6 +206,9 @@ uint8_t common_hal_displayio_tilegrid_get_tile(displayio_tilegrid_t *self, uint1
 }
 
 void common_hal_displayio_tilegrid_set_tile(displayio_tilegrid_t *self, uint16_t x, uint16_t y, uint8_t tile_index) {
+    if (tile_index >= self->tiles_in_bitmap) {
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("Tile value out of bounds"));
+    }
     uint8_t* tiles = self->tiles;
     if (self->inline_tiles) {
         tiles = (uint8_t*) &self->tiles;
@@ -462,6 +467,14 @@ void displayio_tilegrid_finish_refresh(displayio_tilegrid_t *self) {
     } else if (MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(self->pixel_shader, &displayio_colorconverter_type)) {
         displayio_colorconverter_finish_refresh(self->pixel_shader);
     }
+    if (MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(self->bitmap, &displayio_bitmap_type)) {
+        displayio_bitmap_finish_refresh(self->bitmap);
+    } else if (MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(self->bitmap, &displayio_shape_type)) {
+        // TODO: Support shape changes.
+    } else if (MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(self->bitmap, &displayio_ondiskbitmap_type)) {
+        // OnDiskBitmap changes will trigger a complete reload so no need to
+        // track changes.
+    }
     // TODO(tannewt): We could double buffer changes to position and move them over here.
     // That way they won't change during a refresh and tear.
 }
@@ -478,8 +491,21 @@ displayio_area_t* displayio_tilegrid_get_refresh_areas(displayio_tilegrid_t *sel
         return &self->current_area;
     }
 
-    // We must recheck if our sources require a refresh because needs_refresh may or may not have
-    // been called.
+    // If we have an in-memory bitmap, then check it for modifications.
+    if (MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(self->bitmap, &displayio_bitmap_type)) {
+        displayio_area_t* refresh_area = displayio_bitmap_get_refresh_areas(self->bitmap, tail);
+        if (refresh_area != tail) {
+            // Special case a TileGrid that shows a full bitmap and use its
+            // dirty area. Copy it to ours so we can transform it.
+            if (self->tiles_in_bitmap == 1) {
+                displayio_area_copy(refresh_area, &self->dirty_area);
+                self->partial_change = true;
+            } else {
+                self->full_change = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     self->full_change = self->full_change ||
         (MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(self->pixel_shader, &displayio_palette_type) &&
          displayio_palette_needs_refresh(self->pixel_shader)) ||
diff --git a/shared-module/displayio/TileGrid.h b/shared-module/displayio/TileGrid.h
index fb6033e9c..222aaed19 100644
--- a/shared-module/displayio/TileGrid.h
+++ b/shared-module/displayio/TileGrid.h
@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ typedef struct {
     int16_t y;
     uint16_t pixel_width;
     uint16_t pixel_height;
-    uint16_t bitmap_width_in_tiles;
+    uint16_t bitmap_width_in_tiles;;
+    uint8_t tiles_in_bitmap;
     uint16_t width_in_tiles;
     uint16_t height_in_tiles;
     uint16_t tile_width;
diff --git a/shared-module/displayio/__init__.c b/shared-module/displayio/__init__.c
index 8f6e650a1..3e9c4aa2a 100644
--- a/shared-module/displayio/__init__.c
+++ b/shared-module/displayio/__init__.c
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ void displayio_refresh_displays(void) {
 void common_hal_displayio_release_displays(void) {
     for (uint8_t i = 0; i < CIRCUITPY_DISPLAY_LIMIT; i++) {
         mp_const_obj_t bus_type = displays[i].fourwire_bus.base.type;
-        if (bus_type == NULL) {
+        if (bus_type == NULL || bus_type == &mp_type_NoneType) {
             continue;
         } else if (bus_type == &displayio_fourwire_type) {
             common_hal_displayio_fourwire_deinit(&displays[i].fourwire_bus);
@@ -235,12 +235,14 @@ void reset_displays(void) {
             // Not an active display.
             continue;
         }
+    }
 
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < CIRCUITPY_DISPLAY_LIMIT; i++) {
         // Reset the displayed group. Only the first will get the terminal but
         // that's ok.
         displayio_display_obj_t* display = &displays[i].display;
         display->auto_brightness = true;
-        common_hal_displayio_display_show(display, &circuitpython_splash);
+        common_hal_displayio_display_show(display, NULL);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/shared-module/terminalio/Terminal.c b/shared-module/terminalio/Terminal.c
index 86c3e903e..df92a5dc4 100644
--- a/shared-module/terminalio/Terminal.c
+++ b/shared-module/terminalio/Terminal.c
@@ -36,6 +36,12 @@ void common_hal_terminalio_terminal_construct(terminalio_terminal_obj_t *self, d
     self->tilegrid = tilegrid;
     self->first_row = 0;
 
+    for (uint16_t x = 0; x < self->tilegrid->width_in_tiles; x++) {
+        for (uint16_t y = 0; y < self->tilegrid->height_in_tiles; y++) {
+            common_hal_displayio_tilegrid_set_tile(self->tilegrid, x, y, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
     common_hal_displayio_tilegrid_set_top_left(self->tilegrid, 0, 1);
 }
 
diff --git a/shared-module/usb_hid/Device.c b/shared-module/usb_hid/Device.c
index a5a57419c..26d70cb82 100644
--- a/shared-module/usb_hid/Device.c
+++ b/shared-module/usb_hid/Device.c
@@ -47,7 +47,11 @@ void common_hal_usb_hid_device_send_report(usb_hid_device_obj_t *self, uint8_t*
 
     // Wait until interface is ready, timeout = 2 seconds
     uint64_t end_ticks = ticks_ms + 2000;
-    while ( (ticks_ms < end_ticks) && !tud_hid_ready() ) { }
+    while ( (ticks_ms < end_ticks) && !tud_hid_ready() ) {
+#ifdef MICROPY_VM_HOOK_LOOP
+        MICROPY_VM_HOOK_LOOP;
+#endif
+    }
 
     if ( !tud_hid_ready() ) {
         mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_OSError,  translate("USB Busy"));